Introduction to formal logic

Overview

This text offers an introduction to two formal-logical languages:

• Sentential logic, or SL
• First-order logic, or FOL

Each of three components of each language is introduced, in the following order:

• The alphabet, or set of symbols used to construct formulas in each language
• The syntax, or set of rules governing the formation and transformation of formulas in each language
• The semantics, or set of rules governing the meaning of formulas in each language